Math Dictionary

Absolute Value

The distance of a number from zero on the number line, always positive. Written as |x|.

Examples: |5| = 5, |-5| = 5

A branch of mathematics that uses symbols or letters to represent values and express relationships.

Examples: x + 5 = 10, 2y - 3 = 7

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.

Examples: Long division, the quadratic formula

A figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint (vertex).

Examples: Acute angle, right angle, obtuse angle

The amount of space inside a two-dimensional shape, measured in square units.

Examples: Area of rectangle = length × width

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values (also called the mean).

Examples: Average of 3, 5, and 10 is (3+5+10)/3 = 6

An algebraic expression with exactly two terms.

Examples: x + 5, 3y - 2

A branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and accumulation.

Examples: Derivatives, integrals

A number or symbol multiplied by a variable or an unknown quantity.

Examples: In 5x, 5 is the coefficient

The bottom part of a fraction that indicates how many equal parts the whole is divided into.

Examples: In 3/4, 4 is the denominator

A mathematical statement that asserts the equality of two expressions.

Examples: x + 5 = 10, 2y = 8

A number that indicates how many times a base number is multiplied by itself.

Examples: In x³, 3 is the exponent

A number or expression that divides another number or expression without a remainder.

Examples: Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12

A relation between a set of inputs and a set of outputs where each input is related to exactly one output.

Examples: f(x) = 2x + 3

A branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, surfaces, and solids.

Examples: Triangles, circles, polygons